FRCR Radiology Glossary

This glossary explains key terms used in FRCR exam preparation and radiology case practice. It is designed to help candidates understand concepts, improve exam readiness, and navigate structured short and oral case learning.

Each definition links subtly to the main platform or subscription pages to help you explore full exam-style case practice.

Artefact

An imaging appearance caused by technical factors rather than true pathology. Recognising artefacts helps avoid misinterpretation in both exams and clinical practice.

Case-Based Learning

Case-based learning involves practising with real or simulated radiology cases to reinforce knowledge, improve interpretation skills, and prepare for the FRCR exam.

Correlate Clinically

A phrase used in radiology reports indicating that imaging findings should be interpreted alongside the patient’s clinical presentation and history.

Differential Diagnosis

Differential diagnosis is a list of possible conditions that could explain the imaging findings. Candidates must consider clinical context and imaging patterns to prioritise the most likely possibilities.

Exam Confidence

Exam confidence is developed by repeated practice with realistic short and oral cases, familiarising candidates with exam format, timing, and expectations.

FRCR 2B Exam

The FRCR 2B exam is the final clinical component of the FRCR qualification, assessing structured reporting, short case interpretation, and oral examination skills. Candidates are tested on imaging interpretation, reasoning, and communication. Regular engagement with structured FRCR case practice helps candidates develop these skills and build confidence in exam-style scenarios.

Impression

The summary section of a radiology report highlighting the key findings and most likely diagnosis. A clear impression is essential for effective communication and exam performance.

Incidental Finding

An unexpected abnormality seen on imaging that is unrelated to the clinical question but may still require follow-up or documentation.

Mark Scheme

The scoring criteria used by examiners to assess interpretation, reporting structure, and reasoning during the FRCR 2B exam.

Normal Variant

An anatomical variation that is not pathological but may appear unusual on imaging. Recognising normal variants is important to avoid over-diagnosis.

Oral Cases

Oral cases are viva-style exercises where candidates describe imaging findings, provide differential diagnoses, and justify reasoning. They assess verbal communication, clinical thinking, and structured reporting under timed conditions.

PACS (Picture Archiving and Communication System)

A digital system used to store, retrieve, and review radiology images. Familiarity with PACS is important for practising case interpretation and preparing for exams.

Pattern Recognition

Pattern recognition is the ability to quickly identify common imaging appearances, abnormalities, and diagnostic clues. It is essential for short case and oral exam efficiency.

Reporting Skills

Reporting skills involve describing imaging findings clearly, logically, and concisely. These skills are assessed in both short and oral cases during the FRCR 2B exam.

Reporting Station

A component of the FRCR 2B exam where candidates interpret imaging and produce structured written reports within a set time. It assesses clarity, accuracy, and clinical reasoning.

Search Pattern

A consistent method used to review imaging systematically to ensure all areas are assessed and abnormalities are not missed.

Short Cases

Short cases are rapid image interpretation exercises used in the FRCR 2B exam to test diagnostic accuracy, speed, and structured reporting. They cover common imaging topics and allow candidates to practise exam-style scenarios.

Structured Reporting

Structured reporting is a systematic approach to describing radiology findings clearly and logically, aligned with FRCR marking criteria. It ensures completeness, consistency, and exam-ready reporting.

Systematic Image Review

A structured method for reviewing imaging studies to ensure no findings are missed. This approach underpins accuracy and safety in both clinical practice and exam scenarios.

Time Management (FRCR Exam)

The ability to interpret and report imaging efficiently within exam time limits while maintaining accuracy and clarity.

Viva (Oral Examination)

A face-to-face discussion where candidates describe imaging findings, provide differential diagnoses, and justify reasoning to examiners.

Radiology Modalities

  • X-Ray: Basic imaging technique commonly used in short cases and oral exams.
  • CT (Computed Tomography): Cross-sectional imaging used for more detailed anatomical assessment.
  • MRI (Magnetic Resonance Imaging): High-resolution imaging used for soft tissue and complex pathology.

Author

Written by FRCR-qualified radiologists with experience in exam preparation and training.